{"id":7648,"date":"2016-06-22T14:16:19","date_gmt":"2016-06-22T11:16:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/test.sivildusun.net\/wordpress\/madde-28\/"},"modified":"2021-02-23T22:30:37","modified_gmt":"2021-02-23T19:30:37","slug":"madde-28","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sivildusun.net\/yedek18062024\/madde-28\/","title":{"rendered":"Madde 28"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u00fcsn\u00fc \u00d6nd\u00fcl*<\/strong><\/p>\n

Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Genel Kurulu (BM) 10 Aral\u0131k 1948 tarihli \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Evrensel Bildirisi\u2019ni (\u0130HEB) kabul ve ilan etti\u011finde, yeni bir d\u00f6nem ba\u015fl\u0131yordu. Bu bir deklarasyondu. Bu Bildiri\u2019de yer alan haklar ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler vard\u0131r. Her insan i\u00e7in vard\u0131r. Devletlerin tan\u0131y\u0131p tan\u0131mamas\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak, bu haklar her insan i\u00e7in do\u011fu\u015ftan sahip olunan haklard\u0131r. Bildiri\u2019nin \u201cBa\u015flang\u0131\u00e7\u201d maddesinde Bildiri\u2019nin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131na neden olan olaylara, tarihsel ge\u00e7mi\u015fe de\u011finilir. De\u011finilen milyonlarca insan\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmesine, do\u011fan\u0131n tahribine yol a\u00e7an sava\u015flard\u0131r. Sava\u015flar\u0131n bir daha olmamas\u0131, ya\u015fanmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7abalar g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. \u0130HEB\u2019in\u201dBa\u015flang\u0131\u00e7\u201d maddesinin daha birinci paragraf\u0131nda, \u201c\u0130nsanl\u0131k ailesinin b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcyelerinde bulunan haysiyetin ve bunlar\u0131n e\u015fit ve devir kabul etmez haklar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 hususunun, h\u00fcrriyetin, adaletin ve d\u00fcnya bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n temeli olmas\u0131na,\u2026\u201d denmektedir. (Resmi Gazete, 27 May\u0131s 1949 tarih ve 7217 say\u0131).<\/p>\n

BM Genel Kurulu\u2019nun 1984 y\u0131l\u0131nda ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararda halklar\u0131n bar\u0131\u015f hakk\u0131ndan \u201chalklar\u0131n kutsal bar\u0131\u015f hakk\u0131\u201d diye s\u00f6z edilir.<\/p>\n

Bildiri\u2019nin anahtar kavram\u0131n\u0131n 1. maddede s\u00f6z\u00fc<\/span> edilen insan onuru kavram\u0131 oldu\u011fu genellikle kabul edilir. Madde, \u201cB\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar h\u00fcr, haysiyet ve haklar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan e\u015fit do\u011farlar. Ak\u0131l ve vicdana sahi<\/span>ptirler ve birbirlerine kar\u015f\u0131 karde\u015flik zihniyeti ile hareket etmelidirler,\u201d \u015feklindedir. L\u00fctfen dikkat! \u0130nsanlar (nede?) e\u015fittir sorusunun cevab\u0131 burada verilmektedir: \u0130nsanlar haklarda ve onurda e\u015fittirler. Bildiride, say\u0131s\u0131 50\u2019lerde olan haklar ve \u00f6zg\u00fc<\/span>rl\u00fcklere rastl\u0131yoruz. Halbuki bug\u00fcn<\/span> 65 y\u0131l sonra, 111 kadar medeni ve siyasi haktan, 72 ekonomik, <\/span>sosyal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve dayan\u0131\u015fma haklar\u0131ndan, toplamda 183 hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckten s\u00f6z ediyoruz. <\/span>Bu durum insan haklar\u0131n\u0131n dinamik karakterinden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Bu d<\/span>inamik \u00f6zelli\u011finin kayna\u011f\u0131nda hayat vard\u0131r. Hayat statik de\u011fil dinamiktir.<\/p>\n

Evrensel Bildirinin 28. maddesinde der ki, \u201cHerkesin, i\u015fbu beyannamede derpi\u015f edilen hak ve h\u00fcrriyetlerin tam tatbikini sa\u011flayacak bir sosyal ve milletleraras\u0131 nizama hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r.\u201d Gemalmaz\u2019\u0131n \u00e7evirisi ile, 28. madde, \u201c<\/span>a) Bildiride d\u00fczenlenen hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin eksiksiz ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiri<\/span>ldi\u011fi bir sosyal d\u00fczene hak, b) Bildiride d\u00fczenlenen hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin eksiksiz ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiri<\/span>ldi\u011fi bir uluslar aras\u0131d\u00fczene hak\u201d<\/span> \u015feklinde bir d\u00fczenlemedir. <\/span><\/p>\n

Acaba, madde 28\u2019deki d\u00fczenlemenin gerektirdiklerinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi bir \u00fclkede, b\u00f6lgede, d\u00fcnyada sava\u015flar \u00e7\u0131kabilir mi?<\/p>\n

Bu soruya \u201chay\u0131r\u201d cevab\u0131 vermek durumunday\u0131z. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc sava\u015flar\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131nda insanlar, b\u00f6lgeler, \u00fclkeler aras\u0131ndaki e\u015fitsizlikler vard\u0131r. Haklar ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin tan\u0131nmamas\u0131, uygulanmamas\u0131, korunmamas\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirilmemesi vard\u0131r. Bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 da insan haklar\u0131 temelli olarak kavramak durumunday\u0131z. \u0130nsanlar – bireyler ve halklar olarak –<\/span> ,1. maddede oldu\u011fu gibi, haklarda ve insan onuruna sahip olmakl\u0131k bak\u0131m\u0131ndan e\u015fittir. <\/span><\/p>\n

28. maddede <\/span>vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, bir \u00fclkedeki sosyal d\u00fczene sahip olurken de uluslararas\u0131 sistem bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da temellendirme insan haklar\u0131na dayanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

B<\/span>ar\u0131\u015f\u0131 insan haklar\u0131 temelli olarak kavramal\u0131y\u0131z. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da tasnif edilmi\u015f bir insan haklar\u0131 listesi var.<\/p>\n

Kendi kendimize soral\u0131m ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim: Acaba, 28.madde belirtilen <\/span>ve ekli listede yer alan haklara ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere dayal\u0131 sosyal d\u00fczen, <\/span>kendi \u00fclkemizde kurulabilseydi, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7leri ya\u015far m\u0131yd\u0131k?<\/p>\n

Acaba ekli listede yer alan <\/span>haklara ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere dayal\u0131, e\u015fitlik\u00e7i, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc, adaletli bir uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczen kurulabilseydi b\u00f6lgemizdeki<\/span> ve d\u00fcnyadaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ya\u015fan\u0131r m\u0131yd\u0131?<\/p>\n

\n

Ekli Liste<\/strong><\/p>\n

A. Medeni ve siyasi haklar<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Adil ve usul\u00fcne uygun yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131, 2. Ailenin\/aile ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131\/korunmas\u0131\/sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesi, 3. Ayn\u0131 su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 iki kez sorumlu tutulmama hakk\u0131, 4. Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yasa\u011f\u0131, 5. Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 korunma hakk\u0131, 6. Bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l toplanma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\/hakk\u0131, 7. Bilgi kaynaklar\u0131na ula\u015fma ve d\u00fczeltme hakk\u0131, 8. Bilgi ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi ara\u015ft\u0131rma, elde etme, payla\u015fma\/yayma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, 9. Salt s\u00f6zle\u015fmesel y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckten dolay\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131lmama (bor\u00e7tan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc hapis olmazl\u0131k), 10. Ki\u015finin fiziksel, zihni ve moral b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, 11. Cezan\u0131n su\u00e7ludan ba\u015fkas\u0131na verilemeyece\u011fi kural\u0131 (cezan\u0131n ki\u015fiselli\u011fi), 12. Dilek\u00e7e hakk\u0131, 13. Din, inan\u00e7, dini se\u00e7me\/de\u011fi\u015ftirme\/dile getirme\/telkin etme\/uygulama\/yayma\/yerine getirme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, 14. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, 15. D\u00fczeltme hakk\u0131, 16. Evlenme-aile kurma hakk\u0131, 17. Evlenmede, evlilik s\u00fcresinde ve bo\u015fanmada kad\u0131n-erkek e\u015fitli\u011fi, 18. Evlilik i\u00e7i ve evlilik d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ocu\u011fun e\u015fitli\u011fi, 19. Evlilikte \u00e7iftlerin tam ve serbest r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131, 20. E\u015flerin, \u00e7ocuklarla ili\u015fkilerinde e\u015fit hak ve sorumluluklar\u0131 olmas\u0131 kural\u0131, 21. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\/kanaat \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, 22. Keyfi g\u00f6zalt\u0131na alma yasa\u011f\u0131, 23. G\u00f6zalt\u0131nda tutulan\u0131n\/tutuklunun bu durumun hukuka uygunlu\u011funun g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmesini talep hakk\u0131, 24. Haberle\u015fmenin dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131\/korunmas\u0131\/gizlili\u011fine sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesi, 25. Hukuk \u00f6n\u00fcnde e\u015fitlik, 26. Etkin\/(\u00e7abuk ve basit)hukuksal ba\u015fvuruya hak, 27. Hukukun e\u015fit korumas\u0131ndan yararlanma hakk\u0131, 28. \u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, 29. \u0130ltica etme hakk\u0131, 30. \u0130nsan onuru\/nun dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131\/na sayg\u0131, 31. \u0130nsan s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131, 32. \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131lana insanca davran\u0131lmas\u0131 hakk\u0131, 33. \u00c7ocu\u011fun isim ve kayd\u0131n\u0131n tutulmas\u0131 hakk\u0131, 34. \u0130\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele ve ceza yasa\u011f\u0131, 35. \u0130\u015flendi\u011fi zaman d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f bulunan cezadan daha a\u011f\u0131r ceza verilmemesi, 36. \u0130\u015flendi\u011fi zaman su\u00e7 olmayan bir eylem\/ihmalden sorumlu tutulmama, 37. Su\u00e7u itiraf\u0131n ancak zorlama olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi, 38. Kad\u0131n-erkek e\u015fitli\u011fi, 39. Kad\u0131nlara kar\u015f\u0131 ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, 40. Kad\u0131n ticaretinin yasaklanmas\u0131, 41. Kamu hizmetine girmede e\u015fitlik, 42. Kamu mallar\u0131ndan ve hizmetlerinden yararlanmada e\u015fitlik, 43. Kanunsuz su\u00e7 ve ceza olmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 44. Kimli\u011fin korunmas\u0131 ve sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesi hakk\u0131, 45. Hukuk \u00f6n\u00fcnde ki\u015fi olarak tan\u0131nma hakk\u0131, 46. Ki\u015fi onurunun tan\u0131nmas\u0131 hakk\u0131, 47. Ki\u015fi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi hakk\u0131, 48. Konutun dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131\/korunmas\u0131\/sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesi, 49. K\u00f6lelik yasa\u011f\u0131, 50. K\u00f6lelik ve k\u00f6le ticaretinin yasaklanmas\u0131, 51. Kulluk yasa\u011f\u0131, 52. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcklerin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca h\u0131zl\u0131 ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olma stat\u00fcs\u00fcne uygun olarak \u00f6zel mahkeme \u00f6n\u00fcnde yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131, 53. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck san\u0131klar\u0131n yeti\u015fkinlerden ayr\u0131 tutulmas\u0131 kural\u0131, 54. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck su\u00e7luya yeti\u015fkinlerden ayr\u0131 muamele edilmesi kural\u0131, 55. Masumluk karinesi, 56. Temel medeni haklar\u0131 kullanma hakk\u0131, 57. M\u00fclteci stat\u00fcs\u00fc alma hakk\u0131, 58. \u00d6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131n\u0131n ilga edilmesi, 59. Kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131n\u0131n yeniden ihdas edilmesi yasa\u011f\u0131, 60. \u00d6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131n\u0131n infaz\u0131 yasa\u011f\u0131, 61. Hamile kad\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131n\u0131n infaz edilmesi yasa\u011f\u0131, 62. \u00d6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131na mahkum edilme yasa\u011f\u0131, 63. \u00d6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131n\u0131n aff\u0131na ili\u015fkin ba\u015fvuru ve\/veya bu ba\u015fvuru karara ba\u011flanana kadar cezan\u0131n infaz edilmemesi, 64. Siyasi nitelikli su\u00e7tan \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131 yasa\u011f\u0131, 65. 18 ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcklere \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131 verilmesi yasa\u011f\u0131, 66. 70 ya\u015f\u0131n \u00fczerindekilere \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131 verilmesi yasa\u011f\u0131, 67. \u00d6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\/hakk\u0131, 68. \u00d6rg\u00fcte girmeye zorlanmama hakk\u0131, 69. \u00d6rg\u00fct \u00fcyeli\u011finden ayr\u0131lmaya zorlanmama hakk\u0131, 70. \u00d6zel ya\u015fam\u0131n dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131\/korunmas\u0131\/sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesi, 71. Onurda ve haklarda do\u011fumla gelen \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve e\u015fitlik, 72. \u0130nfaz sisteminin mahkumlar\u0131n rehabilitasyonuna y\u00f6nelik olmas\u0131, 73. San\u0131\u011f\u0131n mahkum olmam\u0131\u015fl\u0131k stat\u00fcs\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 ayr\u0131 muameleye tabi tutulmas\u0131, 74. San\u0131\u011f\u0131n mahkumlardan ayr\u0131 yerde tutulmas\u0131 kural\u0131, 75. Kamu otoritelerinin se\u00e7imle gelmesi ve parlamento \u00f6n\u00fcnde sorumlu olmas\u0131 kural\u0131, 76. \u00d6zg\u00fcr, e\u015fit ve gizli oyla yap\u0131lan se\u00e7imlere hak, 77. Se\u00e7me, se\u00e7ilme oy verme hakk\u0131, 78. Seyahat \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, 79. S\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmeme kural\u0131, 80. Keyfi\/hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmeme hakk\u0131, 81. S\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilme durumunun yeniden incelenmesi hakk\u0131, 82. S\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilme karar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 gerek\u00e7eler ileri s\u00fcrebilme hakk\u0131, 83. S\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilme durumunda yetkili makamlar\/ki\u015filer \u00f6n\u00fcnde kendini temsil ettirme hakk\u0131, 84. Yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n topluca s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmesi yasa\u011f\u0131, 85. Siyasi parti kurma ve \u00fcye olma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, 86. Keyfi s\u00fcrg\u00fcn yasa\u011f\u0131, 87. \u015eeref ve\/veya \u015f\u00f6hretin korunmas\u0131\/sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesi, 88. Haks\u0131z mahkumiyetten \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc tazminata hak, 89. Hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nan veya tutuklanan\u0131n tazminata hakk\u0131, 90. Ceza mahkumiyetinin y\u00fcksek mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan yeniden incelenmesine hak(temyiz hakk\u0131), 91. T\u0131bbi ve bilimsel deneye tabi tutulmama, 92. Keyfi tutuklama yasa\u011f\u0131, 93. Uyrukluk hakk\u0131, 94. \u00c7ocu\u011fun uyrukluk hakk\u0131, 95. Do\u011fumun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi devletin uyruklu\u011funa hak, 96. Uyrukluk de\u011fi\u015ftirme hakk\u0131\/n\u0131n yads\u0131nmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kural\u0131, 97. Uyrukluktan keyfi olarak yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131lmama hakk\u0131, 98. Herhangi bir \u00fclkeye girme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, 99. \u0130stenci d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00fclkesinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmama hakk\u0131, 100. Kendi \u00fclkesi dahil herhangi bir \u00fclkeden \u00e7\u0131kma hakk\u0131, 101. Kendi \u00fclkesine d\u00f6nme\/girme hakk\u0131, 102. Vicdan \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, 103. Ya\u015fam hakk\u0131\/n\u0131n yasayla korunmas\u0131, 104. Yerle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, 105. Beraat ya da mahkum olunan ayn\u0131 su\u00e7tan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc yeniden yarg\u0131lanmama ya da cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmama, 106. Kendi \u00fclkesinin y\u00f6netimine kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131, 107. Halk\u0131n istencinin y\u00f6netim yetkisinin temeli olmas\u0131 kural\u0131, 108. Zalimane, al\u00e7alt\u0131c\u0131 ya da mutad olmayan ceza verilmezli\u011fi kural\u0131, 109. Zorla\/zorunlu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma\/\u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma yasa\u011f\u0131, 110. Vicdani red hakk\u0131 111. \u0130nsan haklar\u0131n\u0131 savunma hakk\u0131<\/p>\n

B. Ekonomik, sosyal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve dayan\u0131\u015fma haklar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Aile kurumunun korunmas\u0131 2. Anne ve \u00e7ocu\u011fa \u00f6zel bak\u0131m ve yard\u0131m, 3. Bo\u015fanmada \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n korunmas\u0131, 4. Ekonomik haklar\u0131n uyruk olmayanlara da tan\u0131nmas\u0131, 5. Ekonomik, sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel haklar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesine hak, 6. Elveri\u015fli ya\u015fama standartlar\u0131\/beslenme, bar\u0131nma, giyim haklar\u0131, 7. \u0130\u015fsizli\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 korunmaya hak, 8. Konut hakk\u0131, 9. Anne\/kad\u0131n ve veya \u00e7ocu\u011fun\/gencin korunmaya hakk\u0131, 10. M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131, 11. M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131ndan keyfi olarak yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131lmama, 12. Sa\u011fl\u0131k ve sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131, 13. Sosyal ve g\u00fcvenlik hakk\u0131, 14. Tefecilik ve birisinin di\u011ferini s\u00f6m\u00fcrmesi yasa\u011f\u0131, 15. T\u0131bbi bak\u0131m ve halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131, 16. Sosyal ve t\u0131bbi yard\u0131ma hak, 17. Toplumsal refah hizmetlerinden yararlanma hakk\u0131, 18. T\u00fcketicinin korunmas\u0131 kural\u0131, 19. Ya\u015fl\u0131 ve \u00f6z\u00fcrl\u00fclerin koruyucu \u00f6nlemlere hakk\u0131, 20. E\u011fitim hakk\u0131, 21. E\u011fitimde f\u0131rsat e\u015fitli\u011fi, 22. Anne-baban\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na verilecek e\u011fitimin t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc se\u00e7me hakk\u0131, 23. Temel ve ilk e\u011fitimin bedava olmas\u0131, 24. \u0130lk e\u011fitim\/\u00f6\u011fretimin zorunlu olmas\u0131, 25. Mesleki e\u011fitim ve y\u00f6nlendirilme hakk\u0131, 26. \u00d6z\u00fcrl\u00fclerin mesleki e\u011fitimi ve rehabilitasyonu, 27. Teknik ve mesleki e\u011fitimin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmas\u0131, 28. \u00d6zg\u00fcr e\u011fitim kural\u0131, 29. Y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011frenime girmede e\u015fitlik, 30. Akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, 31. Bilimsel, edebi ya da sanatsal \u00fcretimin sonucu olan \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n korunmas\u0131, 32. Bilimsel ilerleme ve yararlar\u0131 payla\u015fma hakk\u0131, 33. Bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve yarat\u0131c\u0131 faaliyet \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sayg\u0131, 34. K\u00fclt\u00fcrel ya\u015fama kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131, 35. Sanat, bilim ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, 36. Sanattan serbest\u00e7e yararlanma hakk\u0131, 37. Adil\/ve veya elveri\u015fli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131na hak, 38. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin bilgilendirilmesi hakk\u0131, 39. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n korunmas\u0131, 40. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131, 41. S\u00f6zle\u015fme taraflar\u0131ndan birisinin \u00fclkede \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131, 42. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin makul bi\u00e7imde s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 hakk\u0131, 43. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin kendilerini etkileyen kararlarda kendilerine dan\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 hakk\u0131, 44. Dinlenme ve bo\u015f zamana hak, 45. \u0130\u015fin sona erdirilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6nceden bildirime hak (fesih ihbar bildirimi), 46. Serbest girilen bir i\u015f ile ge\u00e7imini temin hakk\u0131, 47. G\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ve ailelerin korunmaya ve yard\u0131ma hakk\u0131, 48. Grev hakk\u0131, 49. G\u00fcvenli ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131na hak, 50. \u0130\u015fi serbest\u00e7e se\u00e7me hakk\u0131, 51. \u0130\u015ften keyfi olarak \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmama hakk\u0131, 52. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ve i\u015fverenlerin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme hakk\u0131, 53. Sendikal haklar, 54. Tatil hakk\u0131, 55. Toplu eylem hakk\u0131(i\u015f\u00e7i-i\u015fveren), 56. Toplu pazarl\u0131k hakk\u0131, 57. Y\u00fckselmede f\u0131rsat e\u015fitli\u011fi, 58. Adil\/ve veya elveri\u015fli \u00fccrete hak, 59. E\u015fit i\u015fte e\u015fit \u00fccrete hak, 60. Fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in \u00fccretin artan oranl\u0131 olmas\u0131, 61. Bar\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fcvenlik hakk\u0131, 62. Geli\u015febilmesi i\u00e7in yeterli bir \u00e7evreye hak, 63. \u00c7evrenin korunmas\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirilmesi kural\u0131, 64. Do\u011fal kaynaklardan yararlanma hakk\u0131, 65. Ekonomik, sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel geli\u015fme hakk\u0131, 66. \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortak miras\u0131ndan e\u015fit bir bi\u00e7imde yararlanma hakk\u0131, 67. Hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi sosyal d\u00fczene hak, 68. Hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczene hak, 69. Az\u0131nl\u0131k haklar\u0131, 70. Anadilin \u00f6\u011frenim kurumlar\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frenilmesine hak, 71. Anadilde e\u011fitime hak, 72. Anadilin yasaklanamazl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    *Haklar ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler listesinin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Prof. Dr. Mehmet Semih Gemalmaz<\/strong>\u2019\u0131n, \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Derne\u011fi<\/strong> i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Temel Belgelerde \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0(\u0130HD yay\u0131n\u0131,Ankara, 1995) kitab\u0131ndaki listeden yararlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    *H\u00fcsn\u00fc \u00d6nd\u00fcl, \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Derne\u011fi, \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Akademisi Ba\u015fkan\u0131<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    H\u00fcsn\u00fc \u00d6nd\u00fcl* Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Genel Kurulu (BM) 10 Aral\u0131k 1948 tarihli \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Evrensel Bildirisi\u2019ni (\u0130HEB) kabul ve ilan etti\u011finde, yeni bir d\u00f6nem ba\u015fl\u0131yordu. Bu bir deklarasyondu. Bu Bildiri\u2019de yer alan haklar ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler vard\u0131r. Her insan i\u00e7in vard\u0131r. Devletlerin tan\u0131y\u0131p tan\u0131mamas\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak, bu haklar her insan i\u00e7in do\u011fu\u015ftan sahip olunan haklard\u0131r. Bildiri\u2019nin \u201cBa\u015flang\u0131\u00e7\u201d…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7649,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6460],"tags":[132,133,134],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sivildusun.net\/yedek18062024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7648"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sivildusun.net\/yedek18062024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sivildusun.net\/yedek18062024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sivildusun.net\/yedek18062024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sivildusun.net\/yedek18062024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7648"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sivildusun.net\/yedek18062024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7648\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sivildusun.net\/yedek18062024\/wp-json\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sivildusun.net\/yedek18062024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7648"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sivildusun.net\/yedek18062024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7648"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sivildusun.net\/yedek18062024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7648"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}